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Will everything be sucked into a black hole11/28/2023 ![]() ![]() Life inside a black hole would be far from pretty, bestowing a fate more strange and gruesome than almost anything experts can imagine.įollowing this week’s release of the first photo of a black hole, people the world over have been pondering exactly what would happen if you fell into the ominous ring. NASA calms fears after 'strange blue lights' frighten Scandinaviansįirst, your insides are strung out like hot mozzarella, before you’re yanked into an all-encompassing darkness that swallows you whole. Scientists discover type of matter that could rewrite the textbooks Similarly, if there were no explosion and no angular momentum that would retard or prevent the swallowing up of the Earth, then it would take about 10 to 15 minutes for the whole Earth to fall into the new black hole at the center of the Earth.Storm chaser captures rarely-seen upside down lightningĬlimate change could melt most of the ice in the Alps by 2100 However, for you, falling in, it will be all over in approximately 10 to 15 minutes or so from your point of view. For someone on the moon watching you fall, the gravitational time dilation will make it look like you are falling slower and slower when you get very close to the black hole, so it would look like it would take forever to hit the black hole horizon. This would be the time as measured by you as you fall into the hole. So the more accurate general relativity answer may be slightly different, but the time for the surface to fall in will be something close to 10 to 15 minutes. For a black hole with twice the mass, it would take 10 minutes to fall into the hole. According to Newtonian gravity, it would take approximately 15 minutes to fall into the black hole (see the calculation on WolframAlpha). How long would it take until you are spaghettified as you fall into the black hole? We can get an approximate answer by using Newtonian gravitation instead of general relativity, which is what is really needed for motion into or near a black hole. The lower angular momentum near the center will allow that innermost material to fall into the black hole.īut what if there is no explosion and no angular momentum to stop the surface from falling in to the black hole? How long would it take for the Earth to “fall” into the black hole? Well, imagine that somehow, magically, all the mass of the Earth just became a black hole at the center of the Earth and that you were standing on the North Pole (with no angular momentum) in a space suit (since you are now in a vacuum). The reason for the delay is that the accretion disc has to use friction to transfer angular momentum from the innermost portion of the disc to the outer edge of the disc, where it will cause material to be ejected from the vicinity of the disc-carrying away angular momentum. This will also limit the fraction of the Earth that will fall into the black hole and will greatly increase the time it takes for the black hole to consume whatever fraction of the mass of the Earth it will consume. (Imagine the ice skater pulling in her arms to rotate faster.) This angular momentum will tend to slow down the fall into the black hole and will eventually result in something like an accretion disc around the black hole. Secondly, the Earth is rotating, so by conservation of angular momentum, when a significant amount of mass has started to fall into the black hole, the mass will also begin rotating at a higher and higher rate. A very significant fraction of the mass of the Earth will become a vaporized hot plasma and will be going faster than that when it passes the radius of what used to be the surface of the Earth. However, the escape velocity of an object only increases as the square root of the mass, so the current 11 km/s escape velocity on the surface of the Earth will only increase to about 16.8 km/s. So there will be plenty of energy available to blow off the other layers of the Earth-and they will escape! For example, when the black hole is first placed at the center of the Earth, the first thing we would all notice is that gravity increased by (only) a factor of two on the surface of the Earth (assuming the black hole had the same mass as the Earth). Quasars are the most luminous objects in the universe, and they are powered by matter falling onto a supermassive black hole. Examples of this kind of dramatic matter to energy conversion are quasars. This radiation will be absorbed by the outer layers of the Earth and will vaporize them. ![]() For astrophysical black holes, up to 40 percent of the rest mass of the accreted material can be emitted in radiation. ![]() This would be a gigantic explosion-a significant fraction of the rest of the mass of the Earth matter that actually fell into the black hole will be converted into energy. ![]()
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